The city’s history unfolds at every corner in Athens, even where traces seem to have vanished. The newly inaugurated 1940-1944 Remembrance Route at the Third Cemetery offers a profound exploration through one of the city’s most poignant chapters. This historical route, established by the City of Athens on the occasion of this year’s double anniversary, titled Athens Celebrates its Freedom, 1974 & 1944, invites visitors to explore the often-overlooked history of the city’s wartime struggles and the enduring spirit of its people. If you’re looking to delve deeper into the past of the Greek capital, this immersive itinerary will connect you with a lesser-known chapter of Athens beyond its well-trodden landmarks.
What the Route Entails
While public memory of the 1940-1944 period often resides in monuments, battlefields, and sites of martyrdom, burial sites like the Third Cemetery are seldom acknowledged. The Remembrance Route seeks to bring hidden parts of this history to light, guiding visitors through a landscape that bears the scars and stories of Athens' wartime struggles.
The path starts at the main entrance of the cemetery, guiding visitors along an uphill route through areas where mass graves hold victims of famine, cold, and disease. These sombre spots tell the harrowing tales of Athens’ wartime reality, highlighting not just the losses but also the resilience of its citizens.
From there, the Route leads to the Memorial of the Executed and a series of honorary graves. It then continues to the Military Section, where the city's wartime struggle and resistance are commemorated. As you descend toward the cemetery square, you will encounter the monuments of the National Resistance and the Aigaleo massacre—a poignant reminder of the era's brutality and the strength of those who endured it.
The journey extends to the Jewish Cemetery, acknowledging the impact of the war on all communities. The tour is both thematic and chronological, taking you from the early days of occupation to the bitter winter of 1941-1942, the executions of 1944, and finally, to the post-war acts of remembrance.
The military section of the route.
Photo: Thomas Gravanis
Embracing memory and resilience.
Photo: Thomas Gravanis
A Glimpse into History
The Third Cemetery, which began operating in 1939, was initially intended to serve the peaceful needs of Athens' residents. However, when war and occupation struck shortly after, it transformed into a place of sorrow, resilience, and historical significance. Thousands found their final resting place here—Greeks, allies, and even enemies. The cemetery became a silent witness to the city's most challenging years and the profound toll of war.
As resistance against the Nazis grew in the city, so did the harsh reality of survival under the cruellest conditions: violence, executions, epidemics, and the devastating famine that swept through Greece during the Occupation. The famine reached its peak during the brutal winter of 1941-1942, hitting urban lower classes especially hard. Unable to endure these dire circumstances, thousands succumbed to hunger. The narrow strip of land alongside the cemetery wall is believed to hold the remains of the staggering number who perished from hunger, marked by a simple grave inscribed: “VICTIMS OF THE OCCUPATION 1941-1944.”
Nazi forces systematically took revenge on neighbourhoods where resistance flourished, employing brutal tactics that included mass executions and torture to instill fear and suppress dissent. On May 1, 1944, 200 communists were executed in retaliation for the deaths of four Germans. During the journey to the firing range, the condemned—political prisoners and exiles—sang songs, wrote notes to their loved ones and comrades, and tossed them from the truck. It was common for victims to toss notes from the trucks taking them to execution, desperately trying to convey their love and final words to the families they were leaving behind.
One cemetery employee left a shocking testimony of the regime’s brutality: “We had 200 graves ready in a square formation, with eight rows of 25 graves each. They were transported in trucks. All were dressed. Blood was dripping from the trucks. They were still warm. Some appeared to be breathing. I heard faint moans, but the Germans, with their guns and loud voices, pushed us, hit us, and forced us to work quickly to finish the burial as soon as possible.”
"Victims of the occupation 1941-1944."
Photo: Thomas Gravanis
Following the Remembrance Route at the Third Cemetery.
Photo: Thomas Gravanis
A Thoughtful Experience
This route is more than a walk through a cemetery; it’s an invitation to reflect on Athens' complex past. It connects travellers to stories of those who “did not live to see” the liberation of Greece, allowing for a deepened understanding of the city’s identity. The aftermath of the war and the onset of the civil war in 1946 further complicated the story of the Third Cemetery. Decades later, the complexities of collective memory resonate as you walk among the headstones, reflecting on the lessons of history. Whether you explore the route in person or delve into the digital archives that accompany it, this collective act of remembrance offers rare insight into a chapter of history that shaped modern Athens. For more information on the route you can visit the official website.